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PSCJ


School-Based Strength and Conditioning: A Delphi Study of Essential Components

16/10/2026

Lead author:
Craig Gracie, Robert Gordon University 
Co-authors:
Michael Malone
Patrick Maughan

ABSTRACT

This research provides an applied set of guidelines that can be used to support the design and delivery of school-based strength and conditioning provision aligned with long term athletic development principles. Twenty-three components reached consensus as essential components, including developmentally appropriate programming, fundamental movement skills and physical literacy, athlete-coach relationships and appropriate staffing and expertise. The findings provide practical guidance for schools, coaches and stakeholders seeking to establish strength and conditioning support systems within schools. By addressing current variability in provision and resources, this framework provides consensus-informed guidance to inform content and delivery that could support more consistent, evidence informed practices towards youth development.


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