With the success of the London’s bid for the UK Olympics in 2012, coupled with the recently announced major government investment in performance sport, the question of enhancing sports performance in today’s young athletes through resistance training is a salient issue for Strength & Conditioning coaches working in the UK. Although resistance training for children was previously thought to be both in effective and dangerous, several prominent organisations such as BASES and the N.S.C.A. have produced position statements and literature reviews promoting resistance training as being both safe and effective for youth populations. However, the relationship between resistance training and sports performance in children is still unclear. The purpose of this paper therefore, is to examine the existing evidence relating to this important issue.